Fri Sep 09 2022

115 articles - From Friday Sep 02 2022 to Friday Sep 09 2022

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Guidelines

Guidelines, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…


Meta-analysis

meta-analyses and systematic reviews

Ann Intern Med

Maternal, Infant, and Child Health Outcomes Associated with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children : A Systematic Review.

Participation in WIC was likely associated with improved birth outcomes and lower infant mortality, and also may be associated with increased child preventive service receipt. Primary funding source Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (PROSPERO CRD42020222452).

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Lancet

Angiotensin receptor blockers and ß blockers in Marfan syndrome: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Assuming additivity, combination therapy with both ARBs and ß blockers from the time of diagnosis would provide even greater reductions in the rate of aortic enlargement than either treatment alone, which, if maintained over a number of years, would be expected to lead to a delay in the need for aortic surgery. Funding Marfan Foundation, the Oxford British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, and the UK Medical Research Council.

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Effect of statin therapy on muscle symptoms: an individual participant data meta-analysis of large-scale, randomised, double-blind trials.

There is a need to review the clinical management of muscle symptoms in patients taking a statin. Funding British Heart Foundation, Medical Research Council, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.

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Marfan syndrome meta-analysis: individual patient data analysis reduces heterogeneity.

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Original articles

RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…

Ann Intern Med

Early Rhythm Control Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Low-Risk Patients : A Nationwide Propensity Score-Weighted Study.

In routine clinical practice, the beneficial association between early rhythm control and cardiovascular complications was consistent among low-risk patients regardless of trial eligibility. Primary funding source The Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea.

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In COVID-19 acute hypoxemia, awake prone positioning vs. usual care did not reduce intubation at 30 d.

2022; 327:2104-13. 35569448.

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In frail older adults with sarcopenia, a multicomponent intervention vs. education reduced mobility disability at 26 mo.

2022; 377:e068788. 35545258.

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In IgA nephropathy, oral methylprednisolone reduced adverse kidney outcomes but increased adverse events.

2022; 327:1888-98. 35579642.

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In ischemic stroke, IV alteplase within 3 h of onset improves functional outcome vs. control.

2022; 53:2069-74. 35543129.

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In moderate-to-severe asthma, as-needed albuterol-budesonide reduced severe exacerbations vs. albuterol alone.

2022; 386:2071-83. 35569035.

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In older adults discharged from hospital, home-based exercise programs improve some outcomes.

2022; 36:1170-85. 35522200.

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In older LTC residents, transitional care interventions vs. usual care reduce hospital readmissions.

2022; 5:e2210192. 35507344.

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In patients with CHD, a Mediterranean vs. low-fat diet reduced major CV events at 7 y.

2022; 399:1876-85. 35525255.

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In type 2 diabetes, SGLT2 inhibitors reduced risk for serious hyperkalemia without increasing hypokalemia.

2022; 145:1460-70. 35394821.

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USPSTF recommends aspirin to prevent CVD in adults 40 to 59 y as an individual decision; not recommended for adults =60 y.

2022; 327:1577-84. 35471505.

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Lancet

Factor XIa inhibition with asundexian after acute non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke (PACIFIC-Stroke): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial.

Interpretation In this phase 2b trial, FXIa inhibition with asundexian did not reduce the composite of covert brain infarction or ischaemic stroke and did not increase the composite of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding compared with placebo in patients with acute, non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke. Funding Bayer AG.

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Sex-specific evaluation and redevelopment of the GRACE score in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes in populations from the UK and Switzerland: a multinational analysis with external cohort validation.

The GRACE 3.0 score performs better in men and women and reduces sex inequalities in risk stratification. Funding Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Heart Foundation, Lindenhof Foundation, Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, and Theodor-Ida-Herzog-Egli Foundation.

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N Engl J Med

Bedaquiline-Pretomanid-Linezolid Regimens for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

A total of 84 to 93% of the participants across al four bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid treatment groups had a favorable outcome. The overall risk-benefit ratio favored the group that received the three-drug regimen with linezolid at a dose of 600 mg for 26 weeks, with a lower incidence of adverse events reported and fewer linezolid dose modifications. (Funded by the TB Alliance and others; ZeNix ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03086486.).

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Bronchodilators in Tobacco-Exposed Persons with Symptoms and Preserved Lung Function.

Inhaled dual bronchodilator therapy did not decrease respiratory symptoms in symptomatic, tobacco-exposed persons with preserved lung function as assessed by spirometry. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; RETHINC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02867761.).

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Closed-Loop Therapy and Preservation of C-Peptide Secretion in Type 1 Diabetes.

In youths with new-onset type 1 diabetes, intensive glucose control for 24 months did not appear to prevent the decline in residual C-peptide secretion. (Funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research and others; CLOuD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02871089.).

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Dolutegravir in Pregnancy as Compared with Current HIV Regimens in the United States.

Atazanavir-ritonavir and raltegravir were associated with less frequent viral suppression at delivery than dolutegravir. No clear differences in adverse birth outcomes were observed with dolutegravir-based ART as compared with non-dolutegravir-based ART, although samples were small. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and others.).

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Fractional Flow Reserve or Intravascular Ultrasonography to Guide PCI.

In patients with intermediate stenosis who were being evaluated for PCI, FFR guidance was noninferior to IVUS guidance with respect to the composite primary outcome of death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization at 24 months. (Funded by Boston Scientific; FLAVOUR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02673424.).

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Lower versus Higher Glycemic Criteria for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes.

The use of lower glycemic criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes did not result in a lower risk of a large-for-gestational-age infant than the use of higher glycemic criteria. (Funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand and others; GEMS Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12615000290594.).

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Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes.

In children and adults with type 1 diabetes, the use of an open-source AID system resulted in a significantly higher percentage of time in the target glucose range than the use of a sensor-augmented insulin pump at 24 weeks. (Supported by the Health Research Council of New Zealand; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12620000034932.).

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Randomized Trial of Metformin, Ivermectin, and Fluvoxamine for Covid-19.

None of the three medications that were evaluated prevented the occurrence of hypoxemia, an emergency department visit, hospitalization, or death associated with Covid-19. (Funded by the Parsemus Foundation and others; COVID-OUT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04510194.).

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Trial of Anti-BDCA2 Antibody Litifilimab for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

In a phase 2 trial involving participants with SLE, litifilimab was associated with a greater reduction from baseline in the number of swollen and tender joints than placebo over a period of 24 weeks. Longer and larger trials are required to determine the safety and efficacy of litifilimab for the treatment of SLE. (Funded by Biogen; LILAC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02847598.).

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Reviews&Editorials

Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link

Ann Intern Med

Lightning: Another Climate Change Threat.

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Lancet

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: diagnosis, outcomes, long-term sequelae, and management.

Guideline recommendations, evidence, and uncertainties in relation to ARDS management are discussed. The future of ARDS strives towards a precision medicine approach, and the framework of treatable traits in ARDS diagnosis and management is explored.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes.

The heterogeneity of the clinical syndrome, along with its biology, physiology, and radiology, has increasingly been recognised and incorporated into identification of phenotypes. A precision-medicine approach that improves the identification of more homogeneous ARDS phenotypes should lead to an improved understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms and how they differ from patient to patient.

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COPD: from an end-stage disease to lifelong lung health.

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New beginnings for Latin America?

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Towards the elimination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Lancet Commission.

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N Engl J Med

Audio Interview: Covid-19 and the WHO.

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Audio Interview: Responding to Monkeypox.

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Audio Interview: Rolling Out New Covid-19 Vaccines.

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Choosing a Method for Guiding PCI.

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Chronic Urticaria.

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CLOuDs Disperse - Top-Notch Glucose Control and Residual C-Peptide Secretion.

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Drawing the Line on Glycemia in Pregnancy.

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Linezolid for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

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Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

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On the Path toward Expanding Treatment Options for Diabetes.

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Personality Disorders.

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Progress toward Better Treatment of Lupus.

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RETHINCking COPD - Bronchodilators for Symptomatic Tobacco-Exposed Persons with Preserved Lung Function?

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Time to Stop Using Ineffective Covid-19 Drugs.

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Miscellaneous

misc publications eg case reports, tools of the trade, images of the month, etc…

Ann Intern Med

Annals On Call - Do Cannabinoids Help Chronic Pain?

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Annals Video Summary - Maternal, Infant, and Child Health Outcomes Associated with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

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Lancet

A posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm ruptures during three-dimensional rotational angiography: need to think fast and act faster.

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Antithrombotic drugs in secondary stroke prevention: still some way to go.

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Classification of COPD: fostering prevention and precision medicine in the Lancet Commission on COPD.

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Condemnation after Palestinian NGOs closed.

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Daiana Stolz: transforming the agenda for lung health.

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Diagnosing the medical history of British imperialism.

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Health organisations welcome US climate crisis law.

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Ian Michael Glynn.

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Mark Dransfield: breathing new ideas into COPD.

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New centre for pandemic therapeutics.

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Offline: The slow death of human civilisations.

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Risk stratification and health inequalities in women with acute coronary syndrome: time to move on.

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Statin intolerance: time to stop letting it get in the way of treating patients.

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N Engl J Med

Abortion Access as a Racial Justice Issue.

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Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy.

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Building Black Wealth - The Role of Health Systems in Closing the Gap.

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Case 25-2022: A 25-Year-Old Woman with Headache and Blurred Vision.

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Case 27-2022: A 32-Year-Old Man with Confusion, Headache, and Fever.

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Gallbladder Volvulus.

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Gallstone Ileus.

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Inhalational Induction.

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Race Correction and the X-Ray Machine - The Controversy over Increased Radiation Doses for Black Americans in 1968.

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Science, Competing Values, and Trade-offs in Public Health - The Example of Covid-19 and Masking.

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Subacute Combined Degeneration from Nitrous Oxide Use.

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Supporting, Not Reporting - Emergency Department Ethics in a Post-Roe Era.

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Telescoping the Diagnostic Process.

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The Human "Contaminome" and Understanding Infectious Disease.

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Will EMTALA Be There for People with Pregnancy-Related Emergencies?

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Letters&Replies

Letters to the editors and authors’ replies

Lancet

Conflict-related sexual violence in Ukraine: insight from the field.

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Gender barriers are worsening women's access to health care in Afghanistan.

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Nurses: an underused, vital asset against drug-resistant infections.

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Protecting older people: a high priority during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Time to scale up mental health care in China.

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N Engl J Med

Albuterol-Budesonide Fixed-Dose Combination Rescue Inhaler for Asthma.

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Albuterol-Budesonide Fixed-Dose Combination Rescue Inhaler for Asthma. Reply.

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Convalescent Plasma for Covid-19.

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Convalescent Plasma for Covid-19.

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Convalescent Plasma for Covid-19. Reply.

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Durability of Booster mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 Subvariants.

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Effects of Vaccination and Previous Infection on Omicron Infections in Children.

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Frostbite - Diagnosis and Therapy.

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Frostbite - Diagnosis and Therapy.

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Frostbite - Diagnosis and Therapy. Reply.

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Japanese Encephalitis in Australia - A Sentinel Case.

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Long-Term MC4R Agonist Treatment in POMC-Deficient Patients.

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Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Viral Load Rebound in Covid-19.

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PD-1 Blockade in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Rectal Cancer.

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PD-1 Blockade in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Rectal Cancer.

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PD-1 Blockade in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Rectal Cancer. Reply.

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Pretomanid in the Treatment of Patients with Tuberculosis in the United States.

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Prevention of Anal Cancer.

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Prevention of Anal Cancer.

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Prevention of Anal Cancer.

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Prevention of Anal Cancer. Reply.

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Rapid Nanopore Sequencing-Based Screen for Aneuploidy in Reproductive Care.

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Rebound of SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Treatment.

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Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock.

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Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock.

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Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock. Reply.

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Sequential Stem Cell-Kidney Transplantation in Schimke Immuno-osseous Dysplasia.

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Sequential Stem Cell-Kidney Transplantation in Schimke Immuno-osseous Dysplasia. Reply.

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Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery.

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Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery.

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Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery. Reply.

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Treatment for Mild Chronic Hypertension during Pregnancy.

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Treatment for Mild Chronic Hypertension during Pregnancy.

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Treatment for Mild Chronic Hypertension during Pregnancy. Reply.

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